Longevity supplements, checked arrow by arrow

One arrow holds in people. The payoff — living longer — has never been tested.

Short answer: an ad for a longevity powder walks through a whiteboard — dihydroberberine to AMPK to NAMPT to NAD+ to SIRT1, with resveratrol, taurine, spermidine and astaxanthin feeding in, and fisetin and quercetin clearing “zombie” cells. We traced every arrow. One is shown in people (NMN raises blood NAD+). Two are textbook biochemistry. Several are cells or mice only, one is disputed, and for some we found no study at all. No arrow reaches the box that matters: a longer, healthier life in people.

The whiteboard, redrawn

Flowchart of the longevity whiteboard. Green arrows are shown in people: NMN raises NAD+, and astaxanthin lowers one oxidative-stress marker. Amber arrows are cells or mice only: dihydroberberine to AMPK to NAMPT, and fisetin and quercetin on senescent cells. Red dashed arrows are disputed or have no study: resveratrol, spermidine, astaxanthin and taurine into SIRT1, and SIRT1 to a longer, healthier life.

Green: shown in people. Amber: cells or animals only. Grey: textbook biochemistry. Red dashed: disputed, or we found no study. Tap to open full size.

Who is selling it

The ad is from a doctor who says he helped formulate the product and gives a discount code — a connection he discloses, and one worth weighing. The same company’s Essentials powder cites a 12-week “randomized controlled trial”; we read its registration (below).

How the evidence flows

Flowchart for this page: each claim, the studies that tested it and what they found, and the grade that follows. The same studies and grades are listed in full below.

Each claim (middle), the studies that tested it (left) — green found it, red found nothing — and the grade they add up to (right). Drawn from the same records as the grades below. Tap to open full size.

What does have evidence for a longer life

Not a powder. The everyday habits studied against how long people live — moving, eating mostly plants, and staying close to other people — are graded on our habits page. Related: urolithin A, another mitochondria supplement with real trials.